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– having regard to the Commission communication on Promoting decent work for all: The EU contribution to the implementation of the decent work agenda in the world ( HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/prelex/liste_resultats.cfm?CL=en&ReqId=0&DocType=COM&DocYear=2006&DocNum=0249" COM(2006)0249) and to Parliament's resolution of 23 May 2007 on promoting decent work for all, – having regard to the conclusions of the Informal Meeting of Ministers for Employment and Social Affairs in Berlin on 18 to 20 January 2007 on 'good work', – having regard to Articles 34, 35 and 36 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, which specifically define the right to social and housing assistance, a high level of human health protection and access to services of general economic interest, – having regard to the Community Charter of Fundamental Social Rights for Workers of 1989 and the Revised European Social Charter of the Council of Europe of 1996, – having regard to the European social partners' recommendations in the report entitled, 'Key Challenges Facing European Labour Markets: A Joint Analysis of European Social Partners', of 18 October 2007, – having regard to Council Directive 2000/43/EC of 29 June 2000 implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin and Parliament's resolution of 28 April 2005 on the situation of the Roma in the European Union, – having regard to Council Directive 2000/78/EC of 27 November 2000 establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation, – having regard to its resolution of 5 June 2003 on the application of the open method of coordination, – having regard to the Commission communication entitled, 'Social reality stocktaking - Interim report to the 2007 Spring European Council' ( HYPERLINK "http://ec.europa.eu/prelex/liste_resultats.cfm?CL=en&ReqId=0&DocType=COM&DocYear=2006&DocNum=0249" COM(2007)063) and to the Parliament's resolution of 15th November 2007 on Social Reality Stocktaking, – having regard to the Commission Communication “Towards an EU strategy on the Rights of the Child” (COM (2006) 0367) and to the European Parliament resolution thereon of 16 January 2008, in particular paragraphs 94 to 117 thereof, – having regard to the Commission Communication on an renewed commitment to social Europe: Reinforcing the Open Method of Coordination for Social Protection and social Inclusion (COM(2008)418), – having regard to the Commission's proposal for a Decision of the European Parliament and of the Council on the European Year for Combating Poverty and Social Exclusion (2010), (COM(2007)0797), and the related report of the European Parliament's Committee on Employment and Social Affairs (A6-0173/2008), – having regard to its declaration of 22 April 2008 on ending street homelessness,6 – having regard to the findings and recommendations contained in the landmark UN Secretary-General’s Study on Violence against Children in 2006, according to which economic inequalities and social exclusion are among the risk factors for child maltreatment, – having regard to the European Economic and Social Committee's opinion entitled 'A new European social action Programme, of XX, – having regard to the Committee of the Region's opinion entitled ´Active Inclusion´, of XX, – having regard to the Commission Communication entitled 'Towards a European Charter on the Rights of Energy Consumers' (COM(2007)0386), – having regard to Articles 136 to 145 of the EC Treaty, – having regard to Rule 45 of its Rules of Procedure, – having regard to the report of the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs and the opinion of the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality (A60000/2008), A. Whereas the Nice European Council of 7 to 9 December 2000 set the EU objective to achieve a decisive and measurable reduction in poverty and social exclusion by the year 2010; whereas progress towards that objective should be improved, B. Whereas the Lisbon European Council in 2000 agreed to eradicate child poverty in Europe by 2010, C. Whereas the Nice European Council in 2000 called on the Member States to ensure a follow-up to the 1992 recommendation on minimum guaranteed resources to be provided by social protection systems, D. Whereas Recommendation 92/441/EEC recognises ‘the basic right of a person to sufficient resources and social assistance to live in a manner compatible with human dignity’, E. Whereas the Community Social Charter of 1989 recognises a workers' right to 'an equitable wage'; whereas in 1993 Parliament and the Commission addressed the need for coordinated policies on minimum wages in order to implement this right of workers to a wage 'sufficient to enable them to have a decent standard of living', F. Whereas at the start of the EU´s commitment to combat poverty and social exclusion in 2001, 55 million people in the EU lived at risk of income poverty (15 % of the population of EU-15); whereas in 2005 that figure had risen to 78 million (16 % of the population of EU-25), G. Whereas the persistent gender pay gap puts women in a weaker position when it comes to escaping poverty, H. Whereas in the absence of all social transfers, the poverty risk in the EU especially for women would increase from 16% to 40%, or 25% excluding pension payments, I. Whereas women’s shorter, slower and less well paid careers also have an impact on their risk of falling into poverty, especially for the over-65s (21% or 5 points more than men), J. Whereas children and young people make almost one third of the population of the European Union and 19 million children are at risk of poverty, many of them being separated from their family because of the family’s poverty; whereas there is a complex relationship between poverty, parenting and children’s well-being in diverse social circumstances, including the protection of children from all types of abuse; K. Whereas 19 million children are at risk of poverty, L. Whereas in particular extreme poverty and social exclusion constitute a violation of all human rights, M. Whereas a sizable part of the European Union’s population remains socially excluded, since one in five lives in sub-standard housing and each day about 1,8 million persons seek accommodation in specialist shelters for homeless, 10 % live in households where nobody works, long-term unemployment approaches 4 %, 31 million workers or 15 % are earning extremely low wages, 8 % of workers or 17 million experience income poverty despite employment, the proportion of early school leavers is over 15 % and the ‘digital divide’ still persists (44 % of the EU population lack any Internet or computer skills), N. Whereas poverty and inequality disproportionately affect women; whereas the average income of women is just 55 % that of men; whereas women are highly and disproportionately affected by poverty in old age; whereas inaccessibility to high quality services excessively increases the risk of poverty for women, O. Whereas regional and local authorities already have a prominent responsibility for providing general public services and benefits, but are at the same time subject to the restrictive pressure of public budgets, P. Whereas investing in children and young people helps raise economic prosperity for all and break the cycle of deprivation, it is essential to prevent problems or to intervene as soon as they are identified to sustain children’s life chances, Q. Whereas poverty and unemployment have been linked to poor health and poor access to health care due to factors such as poor diet, inferior living conditions in disadvantaged areas, inadequate housing, and stress, R. Whereas the effects of inequality, poverty, social exclusion and lack of opportunity are interlinked, requiring a coherent strategy at Member State level focusing not only on income and wealth, but also on issues such as access to employment, education, health services, the information society, culture, transport and opportunities of future generations, S. Whereas in the period from 2000 to 2005, income inequality in the EU (S80/S20 ratio) rose remarkably from 4,5 to 4,9 according to EU-SILC data, so that in 2005 the richest 20 % of the European Union’s population have an income which is nearly 5 times higher than that of the remaining 80 % of the population, T. Whereas imprisonment without adequate rehabilitation and education often only leads to further social exclusion and unemployment, U. Whereas 16 % of the European Union’s total working population is disabled (Eurostat 2002); whereas unemployment levels of disabled people, which includes people with mental health problems, some older people and ethnic minorities across the European Union remain unacceptably high; whereas 500 000 disabled people still live in large closed residential institutions, A more holistic approach to active social inclusion 1. Welcomes the Commission’s approach to active inclusion; considers that the overarching aim of active inclusion policies must be to implement fundamental rights in order to enable people to live in dignity and participate in society as well as the labour market; 2. Considers that active inclusion policies must make a decisive impact on the eradication of poverty and social exclusion, both with respect to those in employment (the ‘working poor’) and to those not in paid employment; agrees with the Commission that a more holistic approach to active inclusion should be based on common principles: (a) Income support sufficient to avoid social exclusion: Member States should, according to the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality, define minimum income schemes, related benefits and social assistance which should be easily accessible and provide sufficient resources, accompanied by a strategic plan for active inclusion policies, to lift people out of poverty and prevent social exclusion; active inclusion policies comprise greater equity of social protection systems and also provide specific flanking measures (e.g. rehabilitation, training, counselling, childcare, housing, language training for migrants, support services) to enable people to lead a dignified life; (b) Considers that Recommendation 92/441/EEC needs to be broadened and updated in the light of the results of the European Union’s social reality stocktaking and the proposed holistic approach to active inclusion, and also that that Recommendation should take due account of the emergence of new social risks linked to demographic change and the knowledge and service economy; (c) Link to inclusive labour markets: Active inclusion policies should aim at fostering stable and secure highly skilled jobs, improving the attractiveness of jobs, creating quality jobs and promoting quality in employment, providing a high level of health and safety at work, increasing productivity and active support for the most disadvantaged, providing specific support measures and services to increase employability and promoting the maintenance of people in the job market and the development of entrepreneurial activity, providing job search assistance, high-quality education, vocational training, further training and lifelong learning, personalised counselling, special assistance and subsidised employment for vulnerable groups such as workers with disabilities; (d) Endorses the Commission’s view that a more holistic approach to active inclusion should also include a special focus on the eradication of child poverty, on the elimination of inequalities concerning access to health care and health outcomes, on tackling poverty and social exclusion linked to public and private pensions and retirement, and on the provision of decent and high quality long-term care; (e) Link to better access to quality services: The accessibility, affordability, openness, transparency, universality, and quality of essential services – social services, services of general (economic) interest – must be strengthened in order to promote social and territorial cohesion, guarantee fundamental rights and ensure a decent existence especially for the vulnerable and disadvantaged groups of society, e.g. the disabled, the elderly, single-parent families and large families, including designing services in ways which take into account the needs of different groups; considers, therefore, that further privatisation of public and social services must be avoided so that affordability, quality and accessibility to all citizens are guaranteed; (f) Gender mainstreaming, anti-discrimination and active participation: Active inclusion policies must ensure the promotion of gender equality between men and women and contribute to the elimination of all forms of discrimination in all three pillars mentioned above; active participation: good governance, participation and integration of all relevant actors should be promoted by directly involving those affected by poverty, social exclusion and inequality at both national and European level - and particularly people living in situations of extreme poverty - as well as social partners, non-governmental organisations and the media in the development, management, implementation and evaluation of strategies; Guaranteeing sufficient income to ensure a dignified life for all 3. Points out that most Member States in the EU-27 have minimum income schemes as a default in place at national level, but that there are several Member States which do not provide for such schemes at national level; encourages the Member States to provide for guaranteed minimum income schemes for social inclusion, and urges them to exchange best practice; recognises that where there is provision of social assistance Member States have a duty to ensure that citizens understand and are able to access their entitlements; 4. Strongly regrets that some Member States appear not to have regard to Recommendation 92/441/EEC, which recognises the "basic right of a person to sufficient resources and social assistance to live in a manner compatible with human dignity"; 5. Agrees with the Commission that social assistance levels are already below the at-risk-of poverty line in most Member States; insists that the central objective of income support schemes must be to lift people out of poverty and enable them to live in dignity; calls on the Commission to examine whether an unconditional basic income for all could be an effective tool for combating poverty; 6. Calls on the Commission to provide a detailed report on whether Member States’ welfare provision (inter alia, minimum income schemes and related benefits, unemployment, invalidity and survivors benefits, statutory and supplementary pension systems, early retirement benefits) provide for incomes above the European Union’s at-risk-of poverty threshold of 60 % of national median equalised income; 7. Suggests that the Commission should consider establishing a common method of calculating the minimum subsistence amount and cost of living (a basket of goods and services) to ensure comparable measurements of the poverty line and define the criterion of necessary social intervention; 8. Points out that the risk of falling into extreme poverty is greater for women than for men; points out that the persistent trend towards feminisation of poverty in European societies today demonstrates that the current framework of social protection systems and the wide range of EU social, economic and employment policies are not designed to meet women's needs and differences in women's work; underlines the fact that women's poverty and social exclusion in Europe requires specific, multiple and gendered policy responses; 9. States that adequate minimum income schemes are a fundamental prerequisite for an EU based on social justice and equal opportunities for all; calls on the Member States to ensure that an adequate minimum income is provided for periods out of or in between jobs, with particular attention to groups of women that have additional responsibilities; 10. Calls on the Council to agree on an EU target for minimum income schemes and contributory replacement income schemes of providing income support of at least 60 % of national median equalised income and on a timetable as to when this target shall be achieved by all Member States; 11. Considers that the risk of falling into poverty is greater for women than for men, particularly in old age, because social security systems are often based on the principle of continuous remunerated employment; calls for an individualised right to an adequate minimum income, which is not conditional on employment related contributions; 12. Considers that poverty affecting those who are already employed does not reflect equitable working conditions, and calls for efforts to be concentrated on remedying this state of affairs in such a way that remuneration in general and especially minimum wages – whether it is of a statutory nature or collectively agreed – should prevent income poverty and can ensure a decent standard of living; 13. Calls on the Council to agree on an EU target for minimum wages (statutory, collective agreements at national, regional or sectoral levels) to provide for a remuneration of at least 60 % of the respective (national, sectoral etc.) average wage and on a timetable for when that target is to be achieved in all Member States; 14. Points out that minimum income schemes should be complemented by a package of support measures to facilitate social inclusion; such a package should include facilities for social inclusion, e.g. in housing, as well as support for education, training and professional re-training and lifelong learning, as well as sound economic management and income support schemes, to contribute towards covering the costs to individuals and households, in such a way as to ensure the satisfaction of living needs and lifelong education needs, in particular for single persons, single-parent families and large families; 15. Calls on the Member States to examine their often complex and entangled mesh of income support schemes, whatever their specific nature (inter alia, minimum income schemes and related benefits, contributory replacement income schemes), with a view to improving their accessibility, effectiveness and efficiency; 16. Considers that Member States should provide targeted additional benefits for disadvantaged groups (such as, for people with disabilities or chronic diseases, lone parents, or households with many children), which cover extra costs as regards, inter alia, personal support, the use of specific facilities and medical and social care, establishing inter alia affordable price levels for medicines for less-favoured social groups; stresses the need to ensure decent invalidity and retirement pension levels; 17. Recognises the unequal income distribution among self-employed people and that one quarter of self-employed people live below the poverty line and, therefore, that more institutionalised support needs to be given to entrepreneurs to avoid the poverty trap; 18. Highlights the importance of a holistic approach to the material security and wellbeing of children, based on the UNRC child rights-centred perspective, so that families, and especially large families, can benefit from sufficient income levels to give their children adequate housing and diet, as well as access to high quality health, social and education services, with a view to their harmonious development in both physical and personality terms; recognises, however, that children’s fundamental needs should take priority over Member States’ financial considerations; 19. Calls on the EU, the Member States and organised civil society associations to ensure that child participation is always organised according to the fundamental principles of safe and meaningful participation; 20. Draws attention to the following different dimensions of a holistic approach: (a) recognising that children and young people are citizens and independent holders of rights as well as being part of a family; (b) ensuring that children grow up with the support of resources and every form of assistance to meet all aspects of their emotional, social, physical, educational and cognitive needs, providing in particular essential support for parents and families living in extreme poverty, so that they can acquire the resources to fulfil their responsibilities, and thus preventing the abandonment or institutionalisation of children by parents in difficult material circumstances; (c) providing access to services and opportunities that are necessary for all children to enhance their present and future wellbeing, also placing emphasis on children in need of special support (ethnic minorities, migrants and children with disabilities), enabling them to reach their full potential and to prevent vulnerable situations, in particular multigenerational poverty, also by ensuring children have access to education and health care; (d) Calls on the Member States to develop a special policy for street children, particularly as regards their specific needs in the field of education and the development of social skills; (e) allowing children to participate in society, including in decisions appropriate to their age that directly affect their lives as well as in social, recreational, sporting and cultural life; (f) granting financial aids to numerous families with a view to helping arrest population decline, as well as aid for single parents raising one child or more, together with measures to facilitate their entry into or return to the labour market, recalling that this situation is more and more widespread and that the difficulties facing a parent in such circumstances are far greater than those of two-parent families; (g) recognising the role that families play in the well-being and development of children; (h) Stresses the importance, considering in each case the best interests of the child, of supporting the reuniting of street children, trafficked children and unaccompanied minors with their families; highlights that reunion should be accompanied by special measures of social reintegration where the socio-economic situation has led the child to engage in illicit income-generating activities which are harmful to the child’s physical and moral development, such as prostitution and drug dealing; calls for a joint coordinated action addressing the root causes of extreme marginalisation and poverty of street children and their families, improving their access to quality services and combating organised crime; calls on the Council to agree on an EU-wide commitment based on the European Parliament resolution of 16 January 2008 “Towards an EU strategy on the rights of the child” to end the phenomenon of street children by 2015; (i) Encourages Member States to consider that the vicious circle of extreme poverty, vulnerability, discrimination and social exclusion puts children, and particularly street children, at particular risk and that differentiated and individualised actions are required to address multiple deprivations; urges Member States to endorse a European joint effort to stop child trafficking and prostitution, child drug addiction, violence against children and juvenile delinquency; (j) allowing children to participate in society, including in the decisions that directly affect their lives as well as in social, recreational, sporting and cultural life; 21. Calls on the Commission to consider child poverty and social exclusion in a broader context of EU policy making, including issues such as immigration, disability, discrimination, protection of children from all forms of maltreatment and abuse, child and adult carers, equality between men and women, family support, active inclusion, early-years care and education, life-long learning and the reconciliation of working life, non-working life and family life; 22. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to achieve an effective implementation of the principle of equal payment for work of equal social value and to carry out a specific analysis and reform of social protection systems and to develop EU guidelines to reform social protection systems from a gender equality perspective including the individualisation of rights to social security, adapting social protection and services to the changing family structures and ensuring that social protection systems better counteract women's precarious situation and meet the needs of the most vulnerable groups of women; 23. Asks the Commission to improve the benchmarking and monitoring in the Open Method of Coordination, to establish common indicators and to collect comparable high quality data and long-term statistics on the situation of children in order to monitor children's well-being; covering all aspects of an holistic approach to combating child poverty and social exclusion, including housing of children and families; 24. Encourages Eurostat to establish a link with the set of indicators that is being developed to monitor the impact of EU activity on children’s rights and welfare, commissioned by the EU Fundamental Rights Agency; points to the need for a joint effort of the Commission, the Fundamental Rights Agency and the Member States to work in cooperation with relevant UN agencies, international organisations and research centres towards improving the gathering of comparable statistical data on the situation of children in the EU; calls on Member States to take all possible measures to respect the Recommendation expressed in the Social Protection Committee's Report on Child Poverty and Well-being in Europe, adopted on 17 January 2008, which stresses that Member States should review the different data sources available at national and sub-national levels on children in vulnerable situations; 25. Urges the Member States to put in place preventive systems to detect critical situations such as parents about to lose their home, abrupt removal of children from school or cases of abuse suffered by parents during their own childhood; calls on Member States to pursue an active policy aimed at preventing children from leaving school early through mechanisms which provide support for groups at risk; 26. Urges Member States, which have not done so so far, to devolve to their local authorities the power to set up and run systems to assist children in trouble, to ensure that they are as efficient as possible; 27. Supports the Commissions view that a balance between targeting the diversity of modern family structures and targeting the rights of the child achieves the best outcomes in combating child poverty; 28. Asks the Commission to promote a well-balanced policy mix adequately resourced and underpinned by clear objectives and targets taking into account the specific national context and focusing on early intervention; 29. Calls on the Member States to strengthen the mutual learning process and the monitoring on successful and unsuccessful policies combating child poverty and social exclusion; 30. Stresses the importance of integrated, holistic family policies going beyond active inclusion to address all aspects of child and family well-being and to eradicate child poverty and social exclusion in the European Union; 31. Calls on the Member States to exchange best practices on children’s participation and to promote involvement of children in decisions concerning their own future as participation of children is the best way to apply a child perspective; 32. Welcomes the commitment to the Convention of the Rights of the Child by the Commission and Member states; calls on the Commission and Member States to establish a clear connection between the child rights agenda and the agenda to combat child poverty and exclusion as child poverty and deprivation is a violation of fundamental human rights and encourages Member States to have regard to the recommendations of the Convention Committee in response to the implementation reports from State parties and non-governmental organisations’ alternative reports when preparing their social inclusion strategies; 33. Points out that single parents must not be placed in a worse position than couples with children as regards services and compensation payments; 34. Urges Member States to develop national strategies for reducing and eradicating child poverty on the basis of a differentiated approach which takes into account the variation in the level of poverty depending on the region and the children's age; 35. Calls on Member States to ensure that all children and families, including those experiencing poverty and social exclusion, have access to high quality social care services which have a clear understanding of the impact of poverty on families, including the increased risks of, and impact of, child abuse and maltreatment; Employment policies for socially inclusive labour markets 36. Agrees with the Commission that having a job represents the best chance of avoiding poverty and social exclusion, but that it is not always a guarantee, as according to official statistics 8% of workers in the EU are at risk of poverty; calls on the Commission and Member States, therefore, to implement effectively Directive 2000/78/EC; 37. Calls on Member States more effectively to implement existing Community legislation in the fields of employment and social affairs; 38. Points out that 20 million people, especially women, in the EU are affected by in-work poverty, i.e. 6% of the total population and 36% of the working population are at in-work poverty risk; calls on the Member States to agree on minimum wage legislation as an integral element of active inclusion; 39. Stresses that the share of part-time employment in the EU is 31 % for women and 7.4 % for men; underlines that part-time employment for women is often only petty and marginal part-time work with poor remuneration and insufficient social protection; points out that women are therefore at greater risk of falling into poverty, especially in old age, as pensions from part-time employment very often do not suffice to lead an independent life; 40. Considers that for active inclusion in the labour market, the most disadvantaged groups need measures: 41. Considers that for the most disadvantaged groups, active inclusion in the labour market is often a three-stage process: (i) supporting personal development, through education, training, lifelong learning, the acquisition of IT skills and assessment, as well as family stability, social integration and inclusion before employment; recognising the own responsibility to integrate in society is of great importance and should be stimulated; (ii) providing maximum access to information and personalised pathways to secure and stable, highly skilled employment in accordance with people’s needs and capacities; promoting measures to eliminate the obstacles to people entering or returning to the labour market, with particular attention to single-parent families, and also promoting gradual retirement to increase elderly people’s income levels and avoid impoverishment; (iii) fostering employment and maintenance in the job market by supportive measures (e.g. on-the-job training and lifelong learning opportunities), the development of entrepreneurship and also work arrangements that help marginalised people enter the workplace or job and reconcile employment with their efforts to deal with social disadvantage (e.g. lack of housing, care responsibilities or health problems); (iiii) monitoring the cessation of work by persons of retirement age in the context of releasing posts; 42. Considers that ‘make-work-pay’ policies should address the problem of the low-pay trap and the low-pay/no-pay cycle at the lower end of the labour market whereby individuals move between insecure, low-paid, low-quality, low-productivity jobs and unemployment and/or inactivity; stresses that the need for flexibility in unemployment and social benefits should be addressed as a matter of priority; considers that welfare systems should actively motivate people to look for new job opportunities while encouraging openness to change by mitigating income loss and providing opportunities for education; urges policy makers to use the concept of flexicurity in their ‘make-work-pay’ policies; 43. Calls on the Member States to rethink ‘activation policies’ that are based on too restrictive eligibility and conditionality rules for benefit recipients and force people into low quality jobs that do not provide for a decent living standard; 44. Proposes that a balance be found between the personal responsibility of individuals and the provision of social assistance to enable everyone to live in dignity and participate in society; 45. Highlights the Council’s position that active labour market policies should promote ‘good work’ and upward social mobility and provide stepping stones towards regular, gainful employment with adequate social protection, decent working conditions and remuneration; 46. Highlights the potential of the social economy, social enterprises, the not-for-profit sector and the public employment sector to provide supported employment opportunities and working environments for vulnerable groups, which should be explored and supported to the fullest by Member States and Community policies (ESF, Regional and Cohesion Funds, etc.); 47. Agrees with the Commission that for those who cannot work for different reasons (such as severe disability, age or incapacity, the impact of persistent and generational poverty and/or discrimination, overload of family or care responsibilities or local area deprivation.), active inclusion policies must provide income support and supportive measures to prevent poverty and social exclusion and to enable them to live in dignity and participate in society; 48. Calls on the Member States to reduce fiscal pressure not only on lower incomes but also on average incomes, so as to avoid workers being caught in a low-wage trap and deter recourse to black labour; 49. Draws attention to the social changes in Europe, which are altering the social make-up of households; calls for these changes to be taken into account with a view to eliminating barriers to the labour market for non-working partners where an unmarried couple live together; 50. Considers that the social economy, social enterprises etc. must provide for decent working conditions and remuneration and also promote gender equality and anti-discrimination policies (such as closing gender pay gaps, respecting collective agreements and minimum wages and providing for equal treatment); 51. Notes that despite welcome moves towards greater participation in higher education, Member States should be encouraged to maintain and introduce work-based apprenticeships; calls on the Member States to develop consistent policies on traineeships providing for minimum guarantees and decent remuneration and to combat current trends to disguise jobs into unpaid traineeships; 52. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to develop a coherent approach across the Member States' education systems to the professional orientation process, on the basis of similar coaching formulas enabling younger people to obtain training in work-oriented areas chosen by them in the context of career paths; points out that training systems should be based on the mutual recognition of diplomas and vocational certificates, including language instruction with a view to eliminating communication barriers within the Community; considers that retraining measures should strike a balance between emotional and professional wellbeing, so that professional retraining is not seen as a handicap or an obstacle to professional development; 53. Draws attention to the need to promote the active inclusion of young people, older people and migrants in any efforts to create an inclusive labour market; calls on the Council, the Commission and the Member States to draw up a set of urgent measures to combat undeclared work, forced child labour and the abusive exploitation of workers and to reject the misleading blurring of economic migration with asylum seeking, and of both with illegal immigration; calls on Member States to put forward legislation to prevent the exploitation of vulnerable workers by gangmasters and to sign and ratify the UN Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and their Families; Providing quality services and guaranteeing access for vulnerable and disadvantaged groups 54. Welcomes the Commission’s view that statutory and complementary social security schemes, health services and social services of general interest must play a preventive and socially cohesive role, facilitate social inclusion and safeguard fundamental rights; points out the need to ensure the development of high quality, accessible and affordable long term care for those in need and support for those who provide the care; calls on the Member States to identify and address the problems faced by carers, who are often forced to remain outside the labour market; 55. Agrees with the Commission that all services of general interest, including network industries such as transport, telecommunication, energy and other public utilities or financial services should play an important role in ensuring social and territorial cohesion and should contribute to active inclusion; 56. Stresses that access to goods and services should be a right for every EU citizen and therefore welcomes the Commissions proposal on a horizontal directive covering all forms of discrimination based on the grounds set out in Article 13 of the Treaty in order to combat discrimination in other areas of life beyond employment, including disability, age, religion or belief and sexual orientation, and complementing Directive 2000/78/EC; at the same time considers that further progress should be made as regards the implementation of the existing EU anti-discrimination Directives; 57. Encourages the Member States to consider social default tariffs for vulnerable groups (e.g. in the fields of energy and public transport) and for facilities to obtain microcredits in order to promote active inclusion, as well as free healthcare and education for people in material difficulties; 58. Encourages the Commission and the Member States to enhance universal service obligations (such as telecommunication and postal services) in order to strengthen the accessibility and affordability of essential services and also to enhance targeted public service obligations to address vulnerable and disadvantaged groups of society; 59. Calls on the Council to agree an EU-wide commitment to end street homelessness by 2015 and the provision by Member States of integrated policies to ensure access to quality and affordable housing for all; urges Member States to devise ‘winter emergency plans’ as part of a wider homelessness strategy, as well as to establish agencies dedicated to enabling provision and access to housing for groups facing discrimination; suggests the collection of comparable data on the extent of homelessness and poor housing; calls on the Commission to develop a European framework definition of homelessness and provide annual updates on action taken and progress made in Member States towards ending homelessness; 60. Calls on the Council to agree an EU-wide commitment to end street homelessness by 2015 and the provision by Member States of integrated policies to ensure decent housing for all; urges Member States to devise ‘winter emergency plans’ as part of a wider homelessness strategy; 61. Urges the Member States to reduce child poverty by 50 % by 2012, using indicators that are not solely economic, as a first commitment towards the eradication of child poverty in the EU, and to allocate sufficient resources in order to achieve this goal; considers that the indicators to establish this reduction should particularly take account of children from families living in extreme poverty; 62. Highlights the importance of promoting integrated services that respond to the multidimensionality of poverty and social exclusion, e.g. the link between poverty and homelessness, violence, health and mental health, education levels, social and community integration, lack of access to information technologies and infrastructure and the widening of the ‘digital divide’; 63. Calls on the Member States to adopt a health-in-all policies approach and to develop integrated social and health policies to combat inequalities in health care provision, prevention and health outcomes, especially concerning vulnerable groups and the most difficult to reach; 64. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to promote voluntary activities and to help with the social integration of people who have lost touch with or no longer participate in the labour market; 65. Welcomes the Commission’s focus on better accessibility (availability and affordability) and quality of services (user involvement, monitoring, performance evaluation, good working conditions, equality in recruitment policies and service provision, coordination and integration of services and adequate physical infrastructure); 66. Calls on the Member States to improve the coordination of public services, particularly links between services for children and for adults; urges the Member States to introduce assistance programmes for parents in various fields where poverty leads to lack of knowledge with regard to bringing up children and to ensure that child helplines are sufficiently resourced; underlines that public services for children and families must ensure that the right structures, incentives, performance management systems, funding streams and workforce are in place, that the front-line workforce has the right skills, knowledge and confidence to deliver better prevention and early intervention and that the services are responsive to users' needs, especially vulnerable families; 67. Calls on the Member States to attach greater importance to the fact that cuts in grants for specific services such as dinner money, free teaching materials and school buses, and for essential leisure and out-of-school educational opportunities, might lead to direct social exclusion, in particular for children from socially vulnerable families; highlights the need for Member States to provide equal opportunities for the integration of all children through an active sports policy in schools and access to information technologies; calls on the Commission to incorporate services for children such as child care, school transport and school meals in the list of general interest social services; 68. Welcomes the deinstitutionalisation of disabled people but notes that this requires the promotion of the provision of comprehensive community-based high-quality support and care services favouring independent living, the right to personal assistance, the right to control your own budget and full participation in society; 69. Highlights the need for Member States to promote the development and implementation of comprehensive local, regional and national ageing strategies; 70. Believes that more action should be taken both at Member State and EU level to acknowledge, research and tackle domestic violence and the abuse of children and older people; 71. Calls on Member States to develop a more constructive approach to drugs policy with the emphasis on education and treatment for addiction rather than criminal sanctions; 72. Calls on Member States to prioritise public health measures which seek to tackle head-on the inequality that exists in health and access to health care of many ethnic minority communities; 73. Notes that in all Member States, alcohol and drug abuse can lead to crime, unemployment and social exclusion. It is unacceptable that for many people, their only access to such treatment and advice is through the prison system; 74. Stresses that there are many forms of disability, including mobility problems, visual impairments, hearing impairments, mental health problems, chronic illness and learning disabilities; highlights the fact that people with multiple disabilities have exceptional problems, as do people subjected to multiple discrimination; 75. Calls for the de-stigmatisation of people with mental health problems and people with learning disabilities, the promotion of mental health and well being, the prevention of mental disorders as well as for increased resources for treatment and care; 76. Calls on Member States to enforce anti-trafficking and anti-discrimination legislation and in particular to sign, ratify and implement the Council of Europe Convention on action against human trafficking; 77. Urges all Member States to safeguard human-rights based asylum policy in accordance with the UN Convention on Refugees and other relevant human rights law, whilst working to end asylum seekers’ dependence on benefits, by allowing them to work and to consider the development of more legal immigration routes; Improving policy coordination and the involvement of all relevant stakeholders 78. Regrets that the Joint Report on Social Protection and Social Inclusion 2008 does not provide a sufficiently strategic focus on eradicating poverty and overcoming social exclusion; 79. Agrees with the Commission that the active inclusion approach must promote an integrated implementation process at EU, national, regional and local level, involving all relevant actors (social partners, NGOs, local and regional authorities etc.) and also provide for active participation and empowerment of disadvantaged people themselves in the development, management, implementation and evaluation of strategies; 80. Stresses the need for a uniform series of measures at European level with a view to preventing and penalising abuses of whatever kind against minorities, persons with disabilities and senior citizens, in the context of concrete actions for across-the-board reduction of the vulnerability of those social groups, including in material terms; 81. Calls on the Council and the Commission to reinvigorate a clear strategic focus on the eradication of poverty and the promotion of social inclusion in the context of the Social Agenda 2008 to 2012; calls for a more explicit commitment within the framework of the next cycle of the Open Method of Coordination on Social Protection and Social Inclusion, to a dynamic and effective EU Strategy that would set meaningful targets and effective instruments and monitoring focused on fighting poverty, social exclusion and inequality; calls on the Council and the Commission to tackle the problems concerning the different coordination processes (Lisbon Strategy, EU Strategy on Sustainable Development, OMC on Social Inclusion and Social Protection) in a way to provide for a clear commitment towards the eradication of poverty and the promotion of social inclusion in all of them; 82. Calls on the Commission, the Social Protection Committee and the Member States to set up specific gender equality objectives and targets to combat poverty and social exclusion, including a set of policy actions to support groups of women which face a higher risk of poverty and social exclusion, such as non-traditional and one-parent families, migrant women, refugee and ethnic minority women, older women and disabled women; 83. Encourages the social partners to continue with their efforts already started with the Joint Social Partner Analysis and their work programme 2006 – 2008 on the integration of disadvantaged people in the labour market; considers that better governance is needed to coordinate those labour market related activities of the social partners on the one hand and the broader civil dialogue (NGOs etc.) on social inclusion beyond employment on the other hand; 84. Supports the Commission’s view that with respect to Recommendation 92/441EEC and the OMC on Social Protection and Social Inclusion, there need to be appropriate indicators and comprehensive national systems for the collection and analysis of data (e.g. statistical data on the average disposable income, household consumption, the level of prices, minimum wages, minimum income schemes and related benefits) considers that the monitoring and assessment of the implementation of strategies for social inclusion and Member States' progress reports should demonstrate whether the basic right to sufficient resources and social assistance to live in dignity is respected in each Member State, also at regional level; 85. Welcomes the Commission’s Communication on ‘Reinforcing the Open Method of Coordination for Social Protection and Social Inclusion’ (COM(2008)418), which proposes to strengthen the Social OMC by improving its visibility and working methods and by strengthening its interaction with other policies; especially welcomes the Commission’s proposals to set targets on the reduction of poverty (in general, of child poverty, in-work poverty and persistent long-term poverty), on a minimum level of income provided through pensions and on access to and quality of health care (reducing infant mortality, enhancing health status and life expectancy etc.); 86. Calls on the Member States to take effective measures to achieve the Barcelona targets on childcare services; calls on the Commission and the Member States to formulate recommendations on how to meet the need for provision of care services in Europe (i.e. the organising and financing of care for children and other dependent persons), including setting precise targets and indicators, with the aim of providing childcare facilities for 90% of children from birth until mandatory school age across the EU and a sufficient level of care provision for other dependent persons by 2015; underlines that all services should meet the criteria of affordability, accessibility and good quality so that bringing up children and caring for dependents is no longer especially a 'poverty risk' for women; 87. Stresses that those furthest from the labour market should benefit more from Community programmes such as the ESF and EQUAL; calls on the Commission to assess the contribution of the Structural Funds to the objectives of the Open Method of Coordination based on social inclusion indicators and to encourage the use of the provisions of the new European Social Fund (ESF) regulation and Progress to support active inclusion measures and explore possibilities for ring-fencing ESF funds or identifying a specific budget for a Community initiative in that respect; this will also foster the creation of networks of good practice in combating poverty to encourage exchanges of experience between the Member States; 88. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to commit themselves to the effective actions to be taken in the context of the Year against poverty and social exclusion, which should represent a substantial step towards the long-term effort to combat poverty; 89. Calls on the Commission to support a meaningful and safe participation of children in all matters affecting them, ensuring that all children have an equal opportunity to be involved; o o o 90. Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council, the Commission, the governments and parliaments of the Member States, the European Economic and Social Committee, the Committee of the Regions, and the Social Protection Committee. EXPLANATORY STATEMENT Introduction The Commission identifies in COM(2007)620 the adequacy of minimum income schemes, inclusive labour markets and improved access to quality social services as the three main objectives to fight poverty and social exclusion. A set of common principles framing a holistic approach on social inclusion shall be implemented by deepening the Open Method of Coordination. Besides the OMC EU financial instruments as the ESF shall establish a supporting EU framework encouraging the Member States in their social inclusion policies. In the rapporteurs view, the joint report on social protection and social inclusion is more of a descriptive character by referring to efforts to reduce child poverty, promoting longer working lives, securing privately funded pension provision, reducing inequalities in health outcomes and long-term care. Following the logic of the Lisbon Strategy, Council and Commission promote economic growth as primary objective for a prosperous, fair and environmentally sustainable future for Europe. In the rapporteurs view, the joint report is not sufficiently orientated on social protection and social inclusion and is too much biased on social inclusion as "productive factor". In the rapporteurs view, combating child poverty should not be considered as a simple contribution to the economy by investing in future human capital. The rapporteur supports the Commissions idea of a more holistic approach on fighting poverty and social exclusion and certainly agrees with the identified fields of action. In the rapporteurs view, the strategies of combating poverty and social exclusion should be stronger bonded with the strategies for better social, territorial and regional cohesion. In the view of the rapporteur, the problem of poor regions and the enormous regional differences in poverty and social inclusion among regions are insufficiently covered in the Communication by the Commission. Social inclusion should cover all citizens either they are available for the labour market or not. In the rapporteurs view, making employability the ultimate aim of social inclusion does not meet the requirements and will fail to eradicate poverty and social exclusion. In the view of the rapporteur, the Commission addresses minorities like persons with chronic diseases or migrants not properly in the strategies on combating poverty and social exclusion. The situation for illegal persons and asylum seekers are even worse. A more holistic approach to active social inclusion Primarily, social inclusion policies have to guarantee the fundamental right of all people to life in dignity and to participate in society. Fulfilling that primary aim social inclusion policies have to provide sufficient income to avoid social exclusion for people, an inclusive labour market, better access to quality services, gender mainstreaming, anti-discrimination and active participation. In the rapporteurs view, it is crucial to base social inclusion and all the elements of the holistic approach on a fundamental right based approach. In the view of the rapporteur, the experience (e.g. with the Hartz IV reforms in Germany) has shown that activation policies lead to a definition of living conditions by the public authorities, which do not match the real problems and that most of the activation policies reinforce dependencies on social benefits instead of enabling people to earn their income on the labour market. A rights based approach will enable the citizens to choose the way of participation in society and strengthen the position on the labour market. Guaranteeing sufficient incomes for a dignified life for all Guaranteeing sufficient income for all is the application of the fundamental right to life in dignity and to participate in society. Certainly employment is the best way to provide people with sufficient means avoiding poverty and social exclusion, but there exist several situations in life, where people are unable to earn a sufficient income by employment. Social protection schemes are supposed to protect and assist people to enter secure and stable employment and make sufficient means available during these periods. Nowadays social assistance levels are below the at-risk-of-poverty line and certainly need to be adjusted to meet their primary objective – lifting people out of poverty! The 1992 Council Recommendation recognises the ‘basic right of a person to sufficient resources and social assistance to live in a manner compatible with human dignity’. In the rapporteurs view, there are still Member States in the EU-27 without a sufficient national social safety net in place, which calls for action to provide incomes above the Eurostat at-risk-of-poverty threshold. A first step would be to adjust the mostly complex income support schemes concerning their accessibility, effectiveness and efficiency. The general schemes must go together with supportive measures for social inclusion and provide targeted additional benefits for disadvantaged groups to address the complexity of poverty and social exclusion satisfactorily. In the rapporteurs view, especially poverty in employment must be properly addressed with an EU target for minimum wages providing a remuneration of at least 60 % of the respective average wage. Eradicating child poverty The Commission points out the tremendous differences in at-risk-of-poverty rates among Member States reaching from less than 10 % in Sweden to more than 20 in Poland and Lithuania. Children living in lone-parent households have twice as high poverty risks as the average. And children growing up in large families are at higher poverty risk as well. The poverty risks of children with migration background are two to five times higher than for children born in the country of residence. The study also provides evidence for intergenerational transmission of disadvantages in educational outcomes. Taking these statistics into consideration the rapporteur believes strongly in the necessity of immediate action addressing children suffering from multiple deprivations, with immigration background, living in households with disabled persons and children from asylum seekers as well as from illegal persons. Further on special support and care has to be provided to children being disregarded, abused or experiencing violence. Most Member States committed themselves to the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) already, but they lack to establish a clear connection between the child rights and fighting child poverty and exclusion as child poverty, which is essential as deprivation is a violation of fundamental human rights. In the rapporteurs view, a well-balanced policy mix adequately resourced should reduce child poverty by 50% over the life of the next Social Agenda, what would a satisfactory first commitment towards eradication of child poverty in the EU. In the rapporteurs view, an integrated, holistic approach on family policies would indicate a clear commitment to a sustainable solution for the eradication of child poverty. Socially inclusive labour markets In the rapporteurs view, integration in the labour market is a three-stage process with support before employment, additional personalized assistance while seeking for employment and at last supportive measures to stay in employment. Special attention needs the active inclusion of young people, the elderly and migrants. In the rapporteurs view, the problem of the low-pay trap and the low pay/no-pay cycle at the lower end of the labour market should be addressed in a way to make work pay and assist people moving into secure and stable quality employment with decent working conditions and remuneration. In the rapporteurs view, activation policies that are based on too restrictive eligibility and conditionality rules for benefit recipients forcing people into low quality jobs that do not pay for a decent living standard nor lead to social inclusion are no solution. Active labour market policies should promote ‘good work’, upward social mobility and provide stepping stones towards regular, gainful and legally secure employment with adequate social protection. In the view of the rapporteur, the potential of social economy, social enterprises, the not-for-profit sector and the public employment sector should contribute to the social inclusion of people furthest from the labour market. Providing access to quality services In the view of the rapporteur not only social services of general interest, but all services of general interest, including network industries such as transport, telecommunication, energy and other public utilities or financial services should play an important role in active inclusion. Without adequate accessibility and quality of services socially excluded people will have no opportunities at the labour market and will be discriminated in their capacities to participate in society. The universal service obligations e.g. telecommunication or postal services are in particular important for vulnerable and disadvantaged groups of society. Any kind of discrimination concerning access to goods and services should be eradicated including disability, age, religion or belief or sexual orientation by an EU anti-discrimination directive. In the rapporteurs view, public services should be defined and developed as pillar of the European Social Model in respect of the enormous importance for combating poverty and social exclusion. In the rapporteurs view, multidimensionality and interdependencies of several poverty risks should be addressed as e.g. street homelessness suffer from multiple deprivation as their basic needs are not covered making it impossible to enter the labour market. Another example is inequality in health care provision, prevention and outcomes leading to additional risks of social exclusion. Improving policy coordination In the view of the rapporteur, the Commission should seriously consider the consultation paper from the bureau of European policy advisers on "Europe's Social Reality" in the development of a strategy on social inclusion. In the rapporteurs view, the OMC needs a stronger focus on eradication of poverty as provided by the Joint Report on Social Protection and Social Inclusion 2008. In addition the successful implementation of specified targets in combating poverty and social exclusion needs strengthened public budgets and a link between the consultation process and the revision of the EU budget 2008/2009. Appropriate indicators on the average disposable income, household consumption, the level of prices, minimum wages, minimum income schemes and related benefits could be a first step to demonstrate commitment by the Member State. In the rapporteurs view implementation process should include EU, national, regional and local levels, involving all relevant actors (social partners, NGOs) and in particular the most disadvantaged people themselves. A better dialog, participation and ownership in the OMC process is needed on all levels leading to clearly formulated targets and policies followed up by a benchmarking and monitoring. The rapporteur believes that OMC and application of best practices have to be elaborated focusing on reducing regional disparities and improvement of the living conditions of poor and disadvantaged people (in particular pensioners, people with chronic diseases, migrants). In the rapporteurs view, current difficulties with missing links between coordination processes (OMC SPSI, Integrated Guidelines, EU SDS) should be addressed in order to strengthen visibility and commitment towards the eradication of poverty and the promotion of social inclusion in all of them; In the rapporteurs view, the most vulnerable and disadvantaged groups should benefit first from community programmes such as the ESF and EQUAL. In the view of the rapporteur, the Commission should consider renaming the Lisbon strategy into “growth, jobs and inclusion” more closely linked to the Open Method of Coordination on social inclusion and add a transversal social guideline. {26/06/2008}26.6.2008 OPINION of the Committee on Women’s Rights and Gender Equality for the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs on Promoting social inclusion and fighting poverty, including child poverty, in the EU (2008/2034(INI)) Draftswoman (*): Anna Záborská (*) Procedure with associated committees - Rule 47 of the Rules of Procedure SUGGESTIONS The Committee on Women’s Rights and Gender Equality calls on the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs, as the committee responsible, to incorporate the following suggestions in its motion for a resolution: – having regard to Articles 3, 16, 18, 23, 25, 26 and 29 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, – having regard to United Nations General Assembly Resolutions A/RES/46/121, A/RES/47/134 and A/RES/49/179, A/RES/47/196 and A/RES/50/107, – having regard to United Nations Economic and Social Council documents E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/13, E/CN.4/1987/NGO/2, E/CN.4/1987/SR.29 and E/CN.4/1990/15, E/CN.4/1996/25 and E/CN.4/Sub.2/RES/1996/25, – having regard to the Commission Communication “Towards an EU strategy on the Rights of the Child” (COM (2006) 0367) and to the European Parliament resolution thereon of 16 January 2008, in particular paragraphs 94 to 117 thereof, – having regard to the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), adopted in 1979, – having regard to the UN Millennium Development Goals of 2000, particularly the elimination of poverty and hunger (first goal), the attainment of universal basic education (second goal) and equal opportunities for men and women (third goal) and protection of the environment (seventh goal), A. whereas the persistent gender pay gap puts women in a weaker position when it comes to escaping poverty, B. whereas the Lisbon European Council in 2000 agreed to eradicate child poverty in Europe by 2010, C. whereas the Nice European Council in 2000 called on the Member States to ensure a follow-up to the 1992 recommendation on minimum guaranteed resources to be provided by social protection systems, D. whereas the risk of poverty in Europe is significantly higher for the unemployed, single-parent households (mainly headed by women), older people living alone (also especially women) and families with several dependants, E. whereas in the absence of all social transfers, the poverty risk in the EU especially for women would increase from 16% to 40%, or 25% excluding pension payments, F. whereas women’s shorter, slower and less well paid careers also have an impact on their risk of falling into poverty, especially for the over-65s (21% or 5 points more than men), 1. Highlights the fact that poverty and inequality affect women disproportionately; points out that the average income of women is just 55 % that of men; 2. Calls for a more pragmatic political and institutional approach to combating extreme poverty, which integrates the policies on equality between men and women, the fight against discrimination and social exclusion, and active participation, clearly promoting each goal in its own right, including that of partnership with families, with women's associations and with the poorest people; 3. Points out that the risk of falling into extreme poverty is greater for women than for men; 4. Points out that the persistent trend towards feminisation of poverty in European societies today demonstrates that the current framework of social protection systems and the wide range of EU social, economic and employment policies are not designed to meet women's needs and differences in women's work; underlines the fact that women's poverty and social exclusion in Europe requires specific, multiple and gendered policy responses; 5. Advocates the use of the Open Method of Coordination for social protection and social inclusion; calls on the Commission, the Social Protection Committee and the Member States to set up specific gender equality objectives and targets to combat poverty and social exclusion, including a set of policy actions to support groups of women which face a higher risk of poverty and social exclusion, such as non-traditional and one-parent families, migrant women, refugee and ethnic minority women, older women and disabled women; 6. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to carry out a specific analysis and reform of social protection systems and to develop EU guidelines to reform social protection systems from a gender equality perspective including the individualisation of rights to social security, adapting social protection and services to the changing family structures and ensuring that social protection systems better counteract women's precarious situation and meet the needs of the most vulnerable groups of women; 7. Calls on the Member States to take effective measures to achieve the Barcelona targets on childcare services; 8. Calls on the Commission to take measures to help Member States achieve an effective implementation of the principle of equal payment for work of equal social value; 9. Stresses that an important right of a child is the right to live with his or her parents; underlines the importance of families in the development of children whatever their age and regardless of the family’s socio-economic conditions; calls, therefore, for families living in extreme poverty to be helped as families in their efforts; calls on the Member States to put an end to placing children in care for socio-economic reasons and to help parents exercise their parental responsibility in the long term, even in difficult situations of extreme poverty, in which connection investing in empowerment of mothers/women means investing in children/families; 10. Calls on the Member States to develop a special policy for street children, particularly as regards their specific needs in the field of education and the development of social skills; 11. Reiterates its call to Eurostat to develop indicators to measure the success of these policies, in close cooperation with associations experienced in fighting extreme poverty and particularly with women's associations and with the poorest people themselves, for example the European Anti-Poverty Network, which have experience and which work with, for and through people with experience of poverty, along the lines of the 'interaction of knowledge' programmes; 12. Stresses that all of these uncertainties prevent those directly affected from enjoying their fundamental rights; calls on national, European and international institutions to consider the multidimensional character of poverty and social exclusion, which affects all areas of human life, particularly research into the causal connection between domestic violence within relationships and long-term poverty; 13. Recalls that the poorest people often say that having a secure income worthy of human dignity or being in a stable, paid job helps them to regain their sense of pride, dignity and self-esteem in relation to their children and families, and that eliminating the wage gap between men and women also plays a major role in this connection; calls, therefore, for pathways into professional employment to provide for particular guidance for the most vulnerable people and workers, paving the way for a society which is genuinely inclusive and respectful of the poorest citizens; 14. Points out that 20 million people, especially women, in the EU are affected by in-work poverty, i.e. 6% of the total population and 36% of the working population are at in-work poverty risk; calls on the Member States to agree on minimum wage legislation as an integral element of active inclusion; 15. States that adequate minimum income schemes are a fundamental prerequisite for an EU based on social justice and equal opportunities for all; calls on the Member States to ensure that an adequate minimum income is provided for periods out of or in between jobs, with particular attention to groups of women that have additional responsibilities; 16. Calls on the European Union, the Member States and organised civil society associations, as well as grass-roots/self-help organisations set up by people with experience of poverty, to make sure that, in meetings at various levels, more and more children from different cultures and social backgrounds have the opportunity to represent their region or country; calls on the EU and Member States to recognise national anti-poverty networks and organisations (such as the EAPN) as civil-society organisations and to support them systematically; calls on the EU and Member States to ensure that they incorporate these grass-roots organisations in their policy at all decisionmaking levels to make resources available to allow the most excluded children to express themselves by setting up long-term projects with them and providing sufficient financial and human resources; calls on all those concerned to support projects which enable children from different social and cultural backgrounds to meet, highlighting the multidisciplinary aspect of projects which allow artistic creation and giving children opportunities to express their own ideas about possible solutions and also to pass them on to others (peer exchange); 17. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to develop an Open Method of Coordination in the field of care services in order to formulate recommendations on how to meet the need for provision of care services in Europe (i.e. the organising and financing of care for children and other dependent persons), including setting precise targets and indicators, with the aim of providing childcare facilities for 90% of children from birth until mandatory school age across the EU and a sufficient level of care provision for other dependent persons by 2015; underlines that all services should meet the criteria of affordability, accessibility and good quality so that bringing up children and caring for dependents is no longer especially a 'poverty risk' for women; 18. Encourages free and unfettered participation in education, training and lifelong learning and in training on the sound management of financial resources; 19. Calls on Member States to ensure that all children, and particularly those in poverty, have the opportunity to participate in social, recreational, sporting and cultural life; 20. Calls on the European institutions and Member States to recognise that lone parents find themselves at greater risk of poverty and to make particular provision for these types of family; 21. Considers that the risk of falling into poverty is greater for women than for men, particularly in old age, because social security systems are often based on the principle of continuous remunerated employment; calls for an individualised right to an adequate minimum income, which is not conditional on employment related contributions; 22. Stresses that the share of part-time employment in the EU is 31 % for women and 7.4 % for men; underlines that part-time employment for women is often only petty and marginal part-time work with poor remuneration and insufficient social protection; points out that women are therefore at greater risk of falling into poverty, especially in old age, as pensions from part-time employment very often do not suffice to lead an independent life; 23. Stresses the importance, considering in each case the best interests of the child, of supporting the reuniting of street children, trafficked children and unaccompanied minors with their families; highlights that reunion should be accompanied by special measures of social reintegration where the socio-economic situation has led the child to engage in illicit income-generating activities which are harmful to the child’s physical and moral development, such as prostitution and drug dealing; 24. Encourages Eurostat to establish a link with the set of indicators that is being developed to monitor the impact of EU activity on children’s rights and welfare, commissioned by the EU Fundamental Rights Agency; points to the need for a joint effort of the Commission, the Fundamental Rights Agency and the Member States to work in cooperation with relevant UN agencies, international organisations and research centres towards improving the gathering of comparable statistical data on the situation of children in the EU; calls on Member States to take all possible measures to respect the Recommendation expressed in the Social Protection Committee's Report on Child Poverty and Well-being in Europe, adopted on 17 January 2008, which stresses that Member States should review the different data sources available at national and sub-national levels on children in vulnerable situations; 25. Encourages Member States to consider that the vicious circle of extreme poverty, vulnerability, discrimination and social exclusion puts children, and particularly street children, at particular risk and that differentiated and individualised actions are required to address multiple deprivations; urges Member States to endorse a European joint effort to stop child trafficking and prostitution, child drug addiction, violence against children and juvenile delinquency; 26. Calls on the EU, the Member States and organised civil society associations to ensure that child participation is always organised according to the fundamental principles of safe and meaningful participation; 27. Recalls that extreme poverty and marginalisation seriously affect the development of street children, make them particularly vulnerable to physical, mental and sexual abuse, hinder access to quality services and lead them into illicit activities which place them on the fringes of society and hamper their opportunities to have access to the labour market; urges Member States to undertake concrete and targeted measures to address the specific needs of street children and to better coordinate the action of central, regional and local authorities to overcome the insufficiency of normal intervention methods addressing them; stresses the growing European dimension of the phenomenon of street children and calls for a joint coordinated action addressing the root causes of extreme marginalisation and poverty of street children and their families, improving their access to quality services and combating organised crime; calls on the Council to agree on an EU-wide commitment based on the abovementioned European Parliament resolution of 16 January 2008 “Towards an EU strategy on the rights of the child” to end the phenomenon of street children by 2015. RESULT OF FINAL VOTE IN COMMITTEE Date adopted25.6.2008Result of final vote+: –: 0:23 0 3Members present for the final voteEmine Bozkurt, Claire Gibault, Lissy Gröner, Esther Herranz García, Lívia Járóka, Rodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou, Urszula Krupa, Roselyne Lefrançois, Astrid Lulling, Doris Pack, Marie Panayotopoulos-Cassiotou, Zita Pleštinská, Anni Podimata, Christa Prets, Teresa Riera Madurell, Eva-Britt Svensson, Corien Wortmann-Kool, Anna ZáborskáSubstitute(s) present for the final voteJill Evans, Iratxe García Pérez, Anna Hedh, Mary Honeyball, Maria PetreSubstitute(s) under Rule 178(2) present for the final votePedro Guerreiro, Eva Lichtenberger, Helmuth Markov RESULT OF FINAL VOTE IN COMMITTEE Date adopted10.9.2008Result of final vote+: –: 0:46 2 0Members present for the final voteJan Andersson, Edit Bauer, Iles Braghetto, Philip Bushill-Matthews, Milan Cabrnoch, Alejandro Cercas, Ole Christensen, Derek Roland Clark, Jean Louis Cottigny, Jan Cremers, Proinsias De Rossa, Harald Ettl, Richard Falbr, Carlo Fatuzzo, Ilda Figueiredo, Roger Helmer, Stephen Hughes, Karin Jöns, Ona Juknevi ien, Jean Lambert, Bernard Lehideux, Elizabeth Lynne, Thomas Mann, Maria Matsouka, Mary Lou McDonald, Elisabeth Morin, Juan Andrés Naranjo Escobar, Csaba Pry, Siiri Oviir, Pier Antonio Panzeri, Rovana Plumb, Jacek Protasiewicz, Bilyana Ilieva Raeva, Elisabeth Schroedter, José Albino Silva Peneda, Jean Spautz, Gabriele Stauner, Ewa Tomaszewska, Anne Van Lancker, Gabriele ZimmerSubstitute(s) under Rule 178(2) present for the final votePetru Filip, Donata Gottardi, Rumiana Jeleva, Anne E. Jensen, Sepp Kusstatscher, Claude Moraes, Roberto Musacchio, Agnes Schierhuber  OJ L 245, 26.8.1992, p. 46.  OJ L 245, 26.8.1992, p. 49.  Texts adopted, P6_TA(2007)0206.  OJ C 303, 14.12.2007, p. 1.  OJ L 180, 19.7.2000, p. 22.  OJ C 45 E, 23.2.2006, p. 129.  OJ L 303, 2.12.2000, p. 16.  OJ C 68 E, 18.3.2004, p.604.  Texts adopted, P6_TA(2007)0541. Texts adopted, P6_TA(2008)0012. Texts adopted, P6_TA(2008)0163.  2007/2093(INI)).  Texts Adopted, P6_TA(2008)0012.  2007/2093(INI)).     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