ࡱ> xzw9 Qbjbj.x`M%l|||8,TN@P"rrrrrrNNNNNNN$yP R`8Nrrrrr8N rrMN rrrN rN d!K0Nr4 `'|x>L$NcN0NbLRnfRN Lisbon 7 October 2008 European Forum on Street Children Europes future depends on its youth and children by Dr. gnes Cser Member of the EESC "Voluntary work and the protection of childrens rights in the context of the renewed European Social Agenda. Would a European Charter and a special legal status improve the efficiency of volunteering?" 1. What are the aims and the underlying values and principles of the Renewed Social Agenda, which are the great challenges highlighted in the Commissions Communication? The overall aim of the Renewed Social Agenda is to create Opportunities, Access and Solidarity aim of social cohesion: too many people live in poverty - especially children and older people - and in social isolation focus on empowering and enabling individuals to realise their potential while at the same time helping those who are unable to do so the fundamental social objectives of Europe: a strong commitment to harmonious, cohesive and inclusive societies Creating opportunities[]means ensuring the chances for all to develop their own potentials commitment to social solidaritySolidarity means action to help those who are disadvantagedIt means fostering social inclusion and integration, participation and dialogue and combating power Priorities of the Renewed Social Agenda: Children and Youth Children and youth lack the opportunities and the access to education and training to realise their full potential. The need of developing new forms of intergenerational solidarity and address the specific problems that children and young people are facing today The commission will mainstreaming childrens rights in EU actions, stepping up efforts to promote and protect the rights of the child Planned Actions: in 2008/2009 the Commission will develop a more comprehensive approach to child poverty, based on quantitative targets inspired by the European strategy on inclusion and social protection the EU is helping coordinate efforts to promote active inclusion Use of the Open Method of Coordination is key to the EU Social Agenda: based on the results of the Open Method of Coordination on Social Protection and Social Inclusion in areas beyond direct Community Competence as an essential complement to EU legislation, it illustrates how voluntary cooperation among Member States supported by the EU can give practical effect to the principle of subsidiarity in their joint effort to combat poverty and exclusion, and to secure modern, sustainable and equitable welfare systems Updating the targets in OMC areas as the percentage of GDP in human capital investment; reducing poverty, in particular child poverty The overall aim of opportunities, access and solidarity requires the partnership of European Institutions, Member States, Regional and Local Authorities, Social Partners, Civil Society and other stakeholders, e.g. external partners civil society organizations function as a vital bridge between the citizens and the above mentioned stakeholders therefore they have to play a stronger part in the development and the implementation of the Social Agenda 2. Volunteering as the civil societys participation in the implementation process of the Renewed Social Agenda The important role of voluntary work has been recognized on the global level also by declaring the year 2001 as the International Year of Volunteers. The United Nation General Assembly stated in its Follow-up to the implementation of the International Year of Volunteers that: [] Volunteerism is embedded in the culture of almost every society and occurs irrespective of action taken by Governments and the United Nations system. The extent to which people are willing and able to volunteer time to major development issues depends, however, on a range of factors, some of which can be positively influenced by the actions taken by governments, the United Nations system and other stakeholders. The Assembly especially emphasizes the importance of opening up opportunities for excluded people to participate in volunteerism as an approach to promote social inclusion. The Council Recommendation on Mobility of Young Volunteers across Europe is an important component of the Renewed Social Agenda, opening up new opportunities for young volunteers. The Council emphasizes that volunteering is an important form of non-formal learning and that it will also help build solidarity between individuals and communities. Therefore Member States should develop the interoperability of their national schemes for voluntary activities, whether organized by civil society and/or public authorities, and address remaining obstacles to cross-border volunteering. 2.1 The Manifesto for Volunteering in Europe The European Volunteer Centre (CEV) has published the Manifesto in 2006 to explain the importance of volunteering and to propose by which concrete actions and measures the work of volunteers may be promoted and facilitated at local, regional, national and European level. Their aim is to create a volunteer friendly society. The role of volunteering in the EU: Promotes social inclusion and integration and solidarity Stimulates active and responsible European citizenship Source of reconciliation in divided societies Providing informal and non-formal learning opportunities The CEV calls on the institutions of the EU to: Actively promote and recognise volunteering, enabling individuals to get involved Support and facilitate volunteering Actively foster networking 2.2 The EESCs Opinion on the role of volunteering and how to support and facilitate their work In the opinion of our Committee we acknowledge the importance of voluntary work for society. The motivation which underlies it, that is the desire to make a contribution on one's own initiative to the common good and to help shape society, promotes values such as altruism and solidarity and thus forms a counterweight to increasingly widespread isolation and egoism in modern societies. Voluntary activity is inextricably linked with active citizenship, which is the cornerstone of democracy at local and European level[...]It is this very form of European active citizenship which gives people a strong sense of belonging to society. Voluntary activity can therefore be regarded as one of the best examples of participation and thus an essential component of, or even a precondition for, active citizenship. Solidarity and a sense of responsibility for others, together with the urge for individuals to feel useful, are essential sources of motivation for voluntary activity. It creates social links, contributes to social cohesion and promotes quality of life and social progress in Europe. It thus encapsulates the values of European integration, as set out in Article 2 of the EC Treaty and Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union. Moreover, voluntary activity is an essential expression of participatory democracy, which is recognised in the European Constitutional Treaty as a component of the democratic life of the EU. Volunteers and voluntary activity are both in the public interest. Voluntary activity should be given due recognition in all the Member States of the European Union. We feel that all in all both the European Commission and national governments should take a greater interest in voluntary activity.. The purpose of voluntary activity is not to replace paid work and is not to take over the tasks of governments. But voluntary work gives essential added value: creating social ties; stronger identification with society and feeling of solidarity; active participation by citizens in their communities. Civil society organisations and volunteer centres have to take into account the new realities in the society and new target groups such as migrants, the long-term unemployed or the increasing number of pensioners who wish to become involved. regarding active ageing voluntary activity it has several positive effects. It enables older people to continue to be involved in the life of society, to make use of their life experience and to continue to feel useful.and it can promote understanding between generations when young and old act together, exchange experience and support each other. Voluntary activity can give socially marginalised groups and migrants an opportunity for involvement and integration, bringing them back to the center of society Unfortunately, in some countries the law is holding this process back; for example, in some Member States immigrants cannot become volunteers. Partnerships between volunteer organisations, local and national government and companies can be of mutual benefit. Social dialogue, mutual learning, and joint agreements can contribute to greater recognition and support for voluntary activity, which is part of social responsibility. Our Comittee recommends a clear definition of the relationship between, and the tasks of, government, business and volunteer organisations. As important voluntary activity is for our societies, it is not their responsibility to provide basic social and public services or replace government action. We call on the Member States to create a legal framework to guarantee the right to carry out voluntary activity independently of an individual's legal or social status. EU funding, policies and programmes should be stepped up putting in place an adequate infrastructure throughout Europe to support voluntary action. The EESC considers the present sources insufficient and would like the European Union to adopt a more active, consistent and coherent approach, making pan-European volunteer programmes available to all population groups rather than being restricted purely to young people. In order to give fuller recognition to the importance of volunteering for the development of Member States, the EESC recommends adopting a European-level charter establishing the role of voluntary organisations, including their rights and duties. The main purpose of enshrining the role, rights and duties of voluntary organisations in the proposed European charter is to create uniform guidelines for organisations which could be granted special legal status together with special economic and other rights, as the exemption from VAT. Volunteers are often in a very difficult position, for example in terms of taxation, social security or insurance. It is vital to clarify their legal status to give every person the right to engage in voluntary activity.] 3. Childrens rights Children have the same general Human Rights as adults. But children are particularly vulnerable and therefore they need special care and protection and have particular rights that recognize their special needs. The Convention on the Rights of Children - the first legally binding international instrument to incorporate the full range of human rights - sets out the rights that must be realized for children to develop their full potential, ensuring their wellbeing and development. Despite the existing rights, children do suffer from poverty, homelessness, neglect, abuse etc, they receive unequal access to education, justice systems or health care. And these problems occur not only in the developing countries but also in the relatively affluent industrial ones unfortunately also within the European Union. High and sometimes even increasing levels of child poverty and social exclusion in the richest group of countries has also been commented by the UNICEF. In 2005, 19 Million children in the EU-27 lived under the poverty threshold. All those states that have signed the Convention on the Rights of the Child are obligated to amend and create laws and policies to fully implement the Convention. The Convention is legally binding. The best interest of the child has to be the primary consideration and starting point of all actions for the governments but also all the other stakeholders. States Parties have to undertake all appropriate legislative, administrative, and other measures to the maximum extent of their available resources in order to ensure the implementation of the rights recognized in the Convention, where necessary through international cooperation. Those rights include economic, social and cultural rights. (Art. 3 and 4 Convention on the Rights of the Children) To end child poverty and exclusion is not only the task of the governments; the task must engage all members of society. As the European Commission states poverty and exclusion are often passed from generation to generation. Child poverty entailing inequality of access to resources and opportunities and often linked to discrimination is a denial of childrens rights. It has severe long-term consequences, restraining children from achieving their full potential, adversely affecting their health (mental and physical), inhibiting their personal development, education and general well-being. Addressing child poverty is crucial to the achievement of greater social cohesion and sustainable social and economic development in Europe. The European Union has to mainstream child poverty in national and European policy making to tackle this problem. Although Child poverty and ensuring childrens rights has become a political priority for EU Member States the National Action Plans in many cases lack a comprehensive and multi-dimensional approach, therefore considerable differences remain. 3.1 EESC on the European Year for Combating Poverty and Social Exclusion and the Opinion on the EU Strategy on the Rights of the Child Although we do live in a relatively affluent Europe poverty, social exclusion and marginalisation exist also in the richest group of countries. Therefore the EESC would like to highlight the importance to tackle those problems, local action is hereby very important. Social partners and civil society should be stronger involved and encouraged also civic activism has to be more appreciated, especially in combating poverty and social exclusion. Today more than ever, government action must be complemented, corrected and consolidated by means of grass-root initiatives. The EESC supports the Commissions proposal to develop a comprehensive EU strategy to promote and safeguard the rights of the child, but regretfully no commitment to minimum standards, clear targets or timelines have been indicated in the communication, which we regard as necessary for an effective implementation. Children are not a homogeneous group. Their diversity and their varying needs in consequence of their geographical location, age, culture, gender, religion, ethnicity, disability and family structures should be taken into account. The impact of poverty, social exclusion and discrimination and the situation of refugees and migration will also need special attention. Any policy aimed at children must be characterised by the fundamental principle of their participation at all levels. Only the continued involvement of children and childrens organisation in the development and implementation of policies can ensure that childrens actual needs are addressed. Furthermore children will then feel an ownership of this future strategy. 3.2 Street children Like poverty in general also the phenomenon of street children and youth homelessness is not only an issue for developing regions, but experienced also in the richest countries. Due to the lack of data and varying definitions it is very difficult to estimate their number and the magnitude of the problem. Street children having not reached the age of majority have no representation in the governing process and lack also other possibilities of influence. In consequence many governments do not pay the necessary attention to them and their situation. This lack of representation has to be changed, they and their organizations have to be heard and their views integrated in the policy process. Street children often do not trust any existing public services in healthcare and welfare; as they see them as representatives of governments and official authorities. Offering a wide range of strategies non-governmental organizations can therefore be of great help. They can help to prevent, raise awareness for the situation, offer alternative programmes to assist children and their families and alleviate the worst aspects of street life. We need specific actions to help those children, here the knowledge and experience of grassroots organizations and civil society in general is of utmost value. Therefore they should be involved at all stages of planning, legislation and implementation. To prevent exclusion, discrimination and poverty and create an inclusive society offering opportunities, a key area is child care and education, which is of utmost importance when building an inclusive society. We have to be very sensitive to the diverse needs of children. Intercultural dialogue is an important tool, when for example addressing the special needs of migrant children and when looking for strategies of integration. As written down in the Convention on the rights of the child, governments have to undertake all appropriate legislative, administrative, and other measures to the maximum extent of their available resources in order to ensure the implementation of the childrens rights. Voluntary activity should not take over these tasks of the government but it can give special added value and can contribute a lot in realizing those rights As stated before, we the EESC therefore support a European Charter, which provides volunteers with a special legal status. The volunteers and organizations relying on voluntary work need a special legal framework and support from the EU government and authorities to perform their tasks. Those volunteers help to build social cohesion and solidarity. At the same time volunteers also benefit, acquiring experience and important social skills. To fight poverty and to help the children the best way possible we do need the joint efforts and contributions of all stakeholders: the EU, the national and local governments, the social partners, non-governmental organizations and thousands of volunteers and the whole society. To create an inclusive society and solidarity every one of us has to become more attentive to, and aware of, the needs and problems of others. This means not to close our eyes and ears to signs of neglect, distress and the diverse forms of violence and abuse. EESC opinions related to that issue: Voluntary activity: its role in European society and its impact (SOC/243), rapporteur: MsKoller, co-rapporteur: Ms Grfin zu Eulenburg, 2006. European Year for Combating Poverty and Social Exclusion (2010)(SOC/302), rapporteur Mr Pater, co-rapporteur Ms Koller 2008. EU Strategy on the Rights of the Child (SOC/248), rapporteur Ms van Turnhout, 2006 European Year of Intercultural Dialogue (2008) (SOC/226), rapporteur Ms Cser, 2006 . Health and Migration (SOC/274), rapporteur Ms Sharma, co-rapporteur Ms Cser, 2007. Health Strategy (SOC/294), rapporteur Ms Cser, 2008. Improving the implementation of the Lisbon Strategy (ECO/153), Rapporteur: Mr Bruno Vever Co-rapporteurs: Mr Ernst Ehnmark, Mr John Simpson, 2004. Social Agenda (SOC/200), rapporteur MrsEngelen-Kefer, 2005 . Making European citizenship visible and effective (SOC/236), Rapporteur Mr. Vever, 2006 Active citizenship action programme (SOC/203), rapporteur Mr Le Scornet, 2005. Patients' rights (SOC/221), rapporteur Mr. Bouis, 2007. Addressing the concerns of young people in Europe Implementing the European Youth Pact and promoting active citizenship (SOC/208), rapporteur Ms van Turnhout, 2005. Communicating Europe in Partnership, rapporteur Ms van Turnhout, 2008.     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