ࡱ> TVS#` L,bjbj\.\. .J>D>D#V%  ,\\\8T,t#&"HHHHHH"""""""$F%h'#HH#HH.#HH""r9 T9!H \V\j "$D#0t# `(j`(9!9!>`(w!XH>,$HHH##[^HHHt#,$P$t$ ,Pt ,,, Promoting integration of marginalized children and youth through social inclusion: schooling, vocational training and participation Organized by EFSC in cooperation with Istituto Don Calabria 4-5 December 2008 It is my pleasure to be here with you today and to represent the Innocenti Research Center in such an important conference that discusses the integration of marginalized children with a migration background. Children who migrate independently or with their parents face different opportunities and challenges. Marginalization and discrimination in the country of settlement, barriers to accessing social services, challenges to the rights to citizenship, parents economic insecurity, and social and cultural dislocation may affect some children. Other migrant children may flourish and contribute positively to their new communities especially when policies and programmes are devised to support and protect migrant children who may become vulnerable. According to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, it is the duty of any country to ensure that all children enjoy their rights, irrespective of their migration status or that of their parents. Migrant children have the right to the highest possible health; the right to participation; the right to education and social protection; protection from discrimination, abuse and neglect; and protection from exploitive forms of child labour that prevent children from attending school and deny them the right to develop. Preventing and responding to violence, exploitation and abuse that migrant children may be subjected to is essential to ensuring childrens rights to survival, development and well being. UNICEFs approach to reduce childrens exposure to harm has been focusing on accelerating actions that strengthen the protective environment for children in all settings. Having a protective environment for children boosts development progress, and improves the health, education, participation and well-being of children and their evolving capacities to be parents, citizens and productive members of society. Harmful and abuse practices against children exacerbate poverty, social exclusion and increase the likelihood that successive generations will face similar risks. People are excluded when structures, laws, policies and programmes fail to consider the rights of all people, when resources and capacities are not made available and when social norms and peoples behaviour are not based on the respect of differences among people, their culture and reality. These failures have to be identified and addressed. There are various underlying causes of exclusion, such as economic, social, geographic and cultural/ethnic. Confronting social exclusion does not mean setting up special parallel systems to address the problems of those who are socially excluded. It is policies, norms and behaviour that have to change, to become rights based and inclusive. To break the intergenerational cycle of poverty and exclusion the highest priority must be given to children. To secure a protective environment for marginalized children including protection from social exclusion, various aspects need to be taken into consideration: Governmental commitment to fulfilling protection rights including social welfare, policies, adequate budgets, public acknowledgement and ratification of international instruments; Legislation and enforcement of adequate legislative frameworks that ensure inclusion; Promoting attitudes, traditions, customs, behaviors and practices that condemn injurious practices and support those that are protective; Enhancing open discussion with policy makers, community and engaging media and civil society to secure government commitment and support positive practices; Empowering children with the knowledge and life skills as well as promoting opportunities for their participation as actors of their own protection; Capacity building of those in contact with the child such as parents, community members, teachers, social and health workers; Provision of basic and targeted services including basic social services, health and education. Also including specific services that help to prevent violence and exploitation and provide support, care and re-integration. Monitoring and oversight using data collection and oversight of trends and responses. Taking action at local levels of government to fulfill childrens rights including those of the most marginalized has been stressed by Member States as they spelled out their specific commitments to the worlds children. The outcome document of the UN Special Session on Children (May 2002) stresses that Local governments and authorities can ensure that children are at the centre of agendas for development. By building on ongoing initiatives, such as child-friendly communities and cities without slums, mayors and local leaders can significantly improve the lives of children. Many city governments are experimenting with ways to respond to childrens needs and to more fully involve children and young people in governance issues. Much of this work is being undertaken in the context of the Child Friendly Cities Initiative (CFCI), a world-wide partnership of stakeholders at international, national and local levels engaged in implementing the Convention on the Rights of the Child at sub-national level. It was launched in 1996 to act on the resolution passed during the second  HYPERLINK "http://www.unhabitat.org" \t "_blank" UN Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II) to make cities livable places for all. The CFC approach provides a framework for municipalities and local governance to enhance the awareness, understanding and realization of childrens rights. The Child Friendly Cities movement includes a wide range of local governments in both developing and industrialized countries as well as other interested partners including local, national and international non-governmental organizations. Various European cities have adopted the approach to support the fulfillment of childrens rights at the local authority level including protecting marginalized children and providing opportunities for their social inclusion, development and participation. To support the CFC movement, the CFCI Secretariat was established at the UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre in 2000 to serve as a common point of reference and interaction and a source of consistent technical support to CFC activities in different countries. For example, UNICEF has facilitated the development of a common vision and a Framework for Action for child friendly cities that is firmly grounded on the comprehensive promotion of child rights and which now represents the global consensus on CFC. Applying the CFC approach at the community or local authority level entails developing municipal-level plans of action for children where childrens rights are promoted and where opportunities for their development and participation are enhanced; setting up legal and institutional frameworks that conform to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and that support the inclusion of migrant children. Applying a CFC approach would also entail generating sufficient data on all groups of children including data relating to understanding and monitoring the situation of migrant children. Budgetary arrangements for children and monitoring the progress made in assuring child rights locally is also another key component. In a Child Friendly City, childrens participation is a key building block that promotes childrens involvement in issues that affect them including listening to their views and taking them into consideration. The framework supports the role of children and young people as actors of change and as resourceful assets that are part of the solution and not the problem. The UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre undertakes research to increase the understanding of barriers to the realization of childrens rights and advancing child wellbeing through in-depth analysis of the many deprivations faced by children living in poverty. UNICEF is working with partners at all levels globally, regionally and at country level to understand how children are affected by migration and to advocate for policies to mitigate its adverse impact on their well-being. The Innocenti Research Centre contributes to these efforts, particularly concerning children who move with their parents or who migrate independently of their parents. Another area of research is a child friendly cities research initiative that assesses the child friendliness of cities and communities. The initiative is intended to generate knowledge on the mechanism used by cities to create awareness and action for child rights, to locate the children in greatest need and identify their unmet needs and rights and to assess progress in fulfilling these. Finally, I would like to thank you for inviting us to this event and we look forward at IRC to continue our cooperation and exchange of information to provide better opportunities and advance the situation of marginalized children. 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